Veljko Milkovic • Inventions, innovations, patents • Self-heating ecological house, Forests for food production • Two-Stage Mechanical Oscillator - Pendulum-Lever System • Petrovaradin Fortress - over and underground, alternative guide service • The Oldest Archaeological Discoveries • The World of Mysteries • Books • Ideas for art, hobby, business...
A simple mechanism (Figure 1.) with new mechanical effects, represents
the source of clean energy. This gravity machine has only two main
parts: a massive lever and a pendulum. The interaction of the two-stage
lever multiplies input energy into output energy convenient for useful
work (mechanical hammer, press, pump, transmission, electric generator...).
*
watch the video presentations for the full insight in this research
- click here
Figure 1. Mechanical hammer with a pendulum
1 - anvil, 2 - massive lever, 3 - lever axel, 4 - physical pendulum
The
best results were achieved with the lever axel and pendulum at the
same height, and the base of the massive lever above the centre of
mass, as shown in Figure 1.
ORIGINS OF ENERGY BASED ON DIFFERENCE IN POTENTIAL
Energy
is created due to the difference in existing devices. Consumers of
energy use the difference in the potential between the plus and the
minus (direct current) and zero and the phase (alternate current).
All heat and thermal motors accomplish useful work due to the higher
temperature and pressure. Mills and power plants use different levels
of water...
However,
difference in the potential of two-stage oscillator, "unusual
machine" has not been considered so far.
Figure
2. Difference of the potential during oscillation of the physical
pendulum
1 - weightless state in the upper position
2 - culmination of force during the fall in the lower position
Since
there is a difference in potential (Figure 2.) between the weightless
state (1) and culmination of force (2) during oscillation of the pendulum,
the same is true for centrifugal force, which is zero in upper position,
and culminates in the lower position at maximum speed. Physical pendulum
is used as a single-stage oscillator in the system with a lever.
After many years of trials, consultations and public appearances,
it could be said that this occurrence is being researched and investigated
all over the world (author is in possession of evidence). Simplicity
enables construction of houses by owners themselves.
Efficiency of the model can be increased by mass, since the relationship
between the volume of the lever weight and its surface increases the
mass.
Energy Measuring
It is important to note that we are not supporting over unity claim for the oscillator where
its pendulum was initially raised to some height and then left to swing until it stops.
Our idea is that after initial raising of a pendulum it is necessary to keep adding a little energy
to a pendulum to keep it swinging. Because two stage oscillator is supposed to be used for
long period of the time, energy spent for initial raising can be disregarded. The same logic
is for Diesel engines where it is necessary for them to achieve working temperature before measuring its efficiency. Nobody would also include energy spent for magnetization of permanent magnets in an electric motor for calculation of efficiency ratio of his electric motor.
It is necessary to measure small energy continuously added to maintain pendulum swinging. Note also that output force on the lever side is variable and change from zero to a maximum defined by its mass. The reason for it is variable force of the pendulum which exert pulling the lever on opposite side. This makes mathematics complex and precise tools for measuring variable force are necessary for calculation of efficiency ratio of a two stage oscillator.
The well known fact is that pendulum with fixed pivot point can keep swinging for several hours. Two-stage oscillator has movable pivot point. It moves in rhythm of the lever which frequency is double higher than frequency of the pendulum. The movement of the pivot point, or better to say its acceleration, keeps spending energy of the pendulum which decelerates its swinging fast. Friction in pendulum pivot point is very small in comparison with losses due to movement and acceleration of the pivot point and can be disregarded. Oscillators with small and harmonic movement of the pivot point have better performances and that is the reason why special attention should be given to that problem.
Mechanical Fission
Two-stage mechanical oscillators should be set in accordance with geometry progression system, by which mechanical chain reaction could be achieved: 1<2<4<8< oscillators...
This could be the best way to confirm the overunity effect and accomplish replacement for nuclear fission.
Figure 4. Two-stage mechanical oscillator as a tourist attraction
Previous examples emphasize the importance of synchronized frequency
with every model. Oscillations of the physical pendulum have to be
maintained with certain speed, otherwise input energy is wasted. Mechanical hammer (photo &
video) and a pump
with a pendulum (photo
& video) work more efficiently with a shorter pendulum,
but with air movement (educational
toy- photo &
video), longer pendulum works better.
According to the theory of
oscillation, oscillatory movements in nature are the
most frequent ones, and can be difficult to analyze.
Preposition for decreasing of the friction
Two-stage mechanical oscillator or some other gadget lay in direction east-west in order to decrease axial friction on bearings caused by Coriolis force.
POSTULATES AND DOGMAS
The easiest way is to proclaim something as impossible and refer to
laws. However, are all laws of Physics perfect and eternal?
Luckily, and most probably, they are not. Therefore, exceptions of
extremely efficient machines are possible (Fig. 1-3.).
In the same way, the speed of light can be deemed unreachable, according
to Einstein's formula E=mc2, because the mass would be
infinite. However, the mass does not change with speed, and the kinetic
energy increases with the square speed. Therefore, the speed of light
can be reached by future space crafts, if these ideas are considered.
To someone it is a problem if the idea was simple, but coming to the simple solution is the hardest and there are the most reasons for that.
POWERFUL PENDULUM - KNOW-HOW
After many years of research optimal solutions are tested on a prototype and a sophisticated and ultra efficient pendulum has been found applicable to fitness centers (New Sport for Clean Energy - Possibility of Practical Application) and can also be used as a mechanical amplifier for alternative energy (wind power, hydropower ...).
Besides that, there are new advanced technical solutions (like various magneto-gravitational hybrids) and other know-how solutions in the same area which have immense application width.
The goal of this work is to summarize the findings from previous papers along with some additional comments and also to answer two basic questions: how to construct an efficient Veljko Milkovic two-stage oscillator and how to measure the quotient of efficiency of the constructed oscillator. The goal of this paper is to explain all the facts about construction and measuring in order to facilitate other people's efforts towards a replication embodying a high efficiency quotient.
In this work, the author for the first time has identified the centrifugal force as a source of over unity work under some conditions and also calculated maximal efficiency quotients of the machine. Problems which easy can undermine over unity behavior of machine were identified and solutions were proposed. Influence of length of pendulum and critical angle on machine efficiency were clearly explained and mathematically supported.
After two years long research and analytical work, Jovan Marjanovic, B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering, presents extraordinary scientific paper with a simple theory of using conservative gravitational field as a fuel. In order to extract energy from conservative field, gravity shield effect is necessary. With proper usage of the shield, variable gravity field should be created in part of a system. Energy can be extracted only if difference in potential exists between two poles. The logic of this theory is also used to explain two-stage mechanical oscillator of Veljko Milkovic and areas of its improvement.
Two-Stage Mechanical Oscillator
Research Progress Report
Pendulum Electric Brain
During the past year, Laboratory of Two-Stage Mechanical Oscillations Research (a subsidiary ofVeljko Milkovic Research & Development Center) has been successfully developing "The Electric Brain" for the pendulum oscillations - a sophisticated multi-sensor system for collecting all necessary information from the pendulum swing/motion with the movable pendulum's pivot point in order to deeply study the pendulum-lever system and research the possibility of its automatisation.
The development is in the final stage and the finalization is expected in the coming months. There are few snapshots of the current development status of this device.
"Jovan Marjanovic gives the recommendations for correct efficiency measurements and stresses some errors in input/output energy measurement methodologies." more
*
N E W
* October
28, 2008
New energy surplus measurement by Jovan
Bebic, engineer:
Jovan Bebic demonstrates the new efficiency measurement
of Milkovic's two-stage oscillator in his new paper and reports
that the output/input energy ratio is 2.284.more
MATHEMATICAL
& THEORETICAL ANALYSES
* NEW - December 15, 2008 *
New
theoretical and replication analysis by Jovan Marjanović, electrical engineer
"The goal of this work is to share findings and problems in an attempt to close mechanical feedback loop for two stage mechanical oscillator of Veljko Milkovic. This work is a continuation of my first work with some additional insights after several attempts to finish the mechanical feedback loop.
In this work I will try to:
- point out omissions in modeling the system and suggest solutions,
- further discuss issues with mechanical feedback loops,
- explain the problem of passing energy to the pendulum." more
"The goal of this work is of to clarify
some issues concerning two inventions of Serbian inventor Veljko
Milkovic. The first invention is two-stage mechanical oscillator
and second one is inertial propulsion cart.
In this work I will try to:
- point out omissions in modeling the system,
- discuss issues with mechanical feedback loop,
- discuss some errors in measuring and re-calculate output
energy done by Jovan Bebic,
- continue addressing issues started by Colin Gauld concerning
Centrifugal force terminology and omission to use moment of
inertia in formula for kinetic energy,
- explain errors in Lead Out theory developed by Lee Cheung
Kin and Lawrence Tseung,
- challenge the first and third Newton's laws and confine
the law of conservation of quantity of the movement of the
system in analysis of inertial propulsion cart." more
Mathematical model and simulation by
Bojan Petković, engineer:
MODELING
AND SIMULATION OF A DOUBLE PENDULUM WITH PAD "In
this paper, results of the simulation of a double pendulum with a
horizontal pad are presented. Pendulums are arranged in such a way
that in the static equilibrium, small pendulum takes the vertical
position, while the big pendulum is in a horizontal position and rests
on the pad. Motion during one half oscillation is investigated. Impact
of the big pendulum on the pad is considered to be ideally inelastic.
Characteristic positions and angular velocities of both pendulums,
as well as their energies at each instant of time are presented. Obtained
results proved to be in accordance with the motion of the real physical
system..."more
Original scientific
paper by professor Nebojša Simin, physicist:*NEW FREE
ENERGY OF THE OSCILLATING PENDULUM-LEVER SYSTEM "...The effect of creating the free energy results from the
difference between the work of the orbital damping forces of the lever
and the work of the radial damping force of the pendulum motion. This
effect enables increase of the input energy. The coefficient of efficiency
of the machine can be more than one."more
New theoretical analysis
by Ljubo Panić:*NEW
ON
THE TRACK OF THE ENERGY SURPLUS OF A TWO-STAGE MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR
BY VELJKO MILKOVIĆ "...Given
the fact that F1is always smaller than the total amount
of the centrifugal force which is acting vertically downwards on
the pendulum axis for small angles f,
the conclusion is that the efficiency of a two-stage mechanical
oscillator by Veljko Milković is always bigger than 1 because cosf
is always less than 1!"
New analyses and measurements
done by Jovan Bebić, MSc, electrical engineer: *NEW
Peter
Lindemann, D.Sc. : "...This certainly ranks as one of the most important
discoveries in science in the last 300 years...more
"
Prof.
dr. Velimir Abramović: "...The double oscillator is also the best mechanical
analogy of the alternating current, even better than Tesla's analogy...more
"
Academician
prof. dr. Bratislav Tošić: "...It is estimated that the input of gravity in
the performance of BIPHASE OSCILLATOR is around 80%...more "
A LEVER WITH A PHYSICAL PENDULUM AS A
SIMPLE MACHINE
Although the basic model, which Veljko
Milković called "The mechanical hammer with a physical pendulum",
showed in the first experiments that the output energy is larger than the
input energy, Milković concentrated on the practical use of the model. This
can be seen by the order of the patent
requests. Later, it turned out that this model is also a perpetuum
mobile, when usage of input energy is in question. However,
the model is energetically open both at the entry and the exit part, so
the exact measurement of efficiency would be complicated. The matter of
the exact measurment was
postponed, but the noticed fact was that the model represents a new type
of a simple machine, and that is very interesting and useful, even without
multiplying input energy.
The next part will cover the characteristics of the "basic
model" which make it a simple machine, putting aside the matter of the efficiency
percentage.
Mechanical hammer with a physical pendulum is an
original device - a machine which is turning the oscillations of the physical
pendulum, hanged on an arm of a two-armed lever, into the oscillations of
the weight on the arm of the same lever. The axis of rotation,
the axle of the physical pendulum is parallel to the axis of rotation, the
axle of the lever. The axle bed of the lever is connected to the surface
with girders. The axle of the physical pendulum is oscillating up and down,
when the pendulum is out of balance. Thus, the weight on the other arm of
the lever is oscillating as well. The arm on which the pendulum is positioned
is lifted with every movement of the pendulum away from the balance, because
the weight of the pendulum weight is decreasing, and the same lever arm
is lowering when the pendulum s closer to the balance position and that
happens in succession. The period of oscillation of the lever and the weight
on it is twice shorter than the period of oscillation of the physical pendulum
and the weight on it.
On Picture 1. the triangle represents
the support for the two-armed lever. The small circles are the two axis.
The lever rotates on one and the physical pendulum on the other. On the
right arm of the lever is an angle on which the physical pendulum is oscillating,
and on the left arm is the weight which oscillates together with the lever.
As soon as the physical pendulum is out of balance and begins to oscillate,
the lever starts to oscillate as well..
Picture 1. The position of the lever and the pendulum
at the simultaneous oscillation of the lever and the pendulum
Forced oscillation of the weight on the lever can be of
an impact type when the weight, at the end of every oscillation, hits the
surface or an object on the surface like a hammer. At that moment, the force
of the impact is greater than the force maintaining the oscillation of the
pendulum, which still does not say anything about the balance of energy
since the effect of these two forces is not simultaneous. It would be a
completely different story if we were talking about strength and not force,
but we would need a different approach in that case.
Veljko Milković conducted a series of experiments
on the basic model - mechanical hammer with a physical pendulum. All
the experiments led to the conclusion that the input energy is smaller than
the output energy. Since the law of energy sustainability could
not help here, he did not spend too much time to explain the occurrence
in a theoretical way.
One of the possible explanations was the effect of the
forces involved in the work of the oscillators. Forces are more specific
and simple physical entities than energy. However, there were many different
forces present during the experiments, so it was hard to compare them.
Most of the experts and scientists familiar with experiments
conducted by Milković did not go into more detailed analysis, with an exception
of professor Bratislav Tošić. Unfortunately, his
extensive mathematical analysis did not provide a clear result
concerning the energy balance.
Experts usually followed their instinct. Some were "in
favour", some were "against" perpetuum
mobile. Among the first group, after some hesitation, was Nebojša
Simin. Sceptical at the beginning, as many other physicists
involved in this research, his resistance was defeated with a simple
gesture. He put his hand on the lever which was oscillating. The pendulum
continued to sway as if nothing happened, while the energy was transferred
from the lever to his arm. The lever was working tirelessly, without a decrease
in the oscillatory energy of the pendulum. Şimin did not need a more convincing
proof than this to convince him that this is the perpetuum mobile. It practically
makes no difference whether the lever is doing something or not. That work
does not reflect the oscillation of the pendulum, and the pendulum in return,
as it oscillates, makes the lever to oscillate too. Simin was positive that
the efficiency percentage of the lever with a physical pendulum larger than
the one. At the same time, it meant that the law on energy sustainability
can not be applied for this model, which is only a step away from the autonomous
perpetuum mobile. For the model to be autonomous, it was necessary to come
up with an idea how to return a part of the energy from the lever to the
pendulum, so that it would not stop because of friction and air resistance.
Milković solved this problem as well through his patents.
Unlike Milković and his associates,
Simin did not like the idea of giving the main role to the gravitational
potential. If the friction is neglected, pendulum work force is equal to
zero. On the other hand, no one doubted the meaning of the centrifugal force
of the pendulum. It was clear from the beginning that they should follow
that lead.
A lot of time was spent on the basic model and the matter
of maintaining the oscillation of the pendulum, having in mind the friction
and air resistance. Milković solved that problem with electromagnetic bumpers
in the patent "The piston
water pump with the pendulum and electromagnets",which he
handed in for registration on 02/22/01. In that way, he completed his previous
model:"Electric generator with
the pendulum and magnetic bumpers", from 06/14/00. Observed
individually, neither of these two models are autonomous, but together,
they are. The combination of these two models is the first model
ofperpetuum mobile.
Milković was also troubled with the problem of the relatively
slow oscillation of the pendulum, which produced low-frequency current.
He did not solve this problem fully so far. An attempt with the model: "The
electric generator with an elastic pendulum handle",which
offers faster oscillations, does not solve the problem, because that is
a single-stage oscillator which has an efficiency coefficient lower than
one. Among the first nine patents,
this is the only one which has nothing in common with perpetuum mobile.
"Surplus" or "excess" energy was usually attributed to
the gravitational potential. For sceptics, that was the "proof" that this
could not be perpetuum mobile,
because the gravitational field during oscillation of the pendulum is zero.
In their opinion, that was enough to conclude that there could not be "excess"
energy. The only thing everyone agreed on was the efficiency of
the device.
Qualms about the efficiency coefficient could not be satisfied
without a deeper analysis. The matter was the participation of the
centrifugal force of the physical pendulum in the lever oscillations,
as well as energetic consequences of that participation. That force
does not influence oscillation of the pendulum, but is directly responsible
for the oscillation of the lever. It is clear that the axis of
the pendulum, if we neglect the rotation, does not have kinetic energy in
the pendulum system, but it does in the lever system. However, potential
energy of that point changes in the lever system. It was not clear whether
the change of the potential energy, despite it is zero during one oscillation,
has any effect on the phenomenon as a whole. As far as the work is concerned,
the pendulum operates against friction and air resistance, and the lever
operates, for example, through the hammer hitting the surface, or by producing
the alternative current by means of induction. It was not clear which work
force was bigger, the pendulum or the lever. The response could not be a
direct one, because precise measuring was needed, but it could not have
been conducted on the original model. This was also the case with the models
Milković constructed in the meantime. One of them is the fan, which is a
two-stage oscillator (Picture 2.). The fan is
swaying for unusually long time after the pendulum has only once been put
out of balance. But, the theoretical explanation in this case is even more
complicated that the one of the original model.
Picture 2. The fan
Let us get back to the basic model. Some things are obvious
just when you look at the movements of the two-stage oscillator. There is
a significant difference between the two conditioned oscillators. The
lever is forced to oscillate, unlike the pendulum. The opposite is not possible
because of the influence of gravity on the weight of the pendulum. If
the pendulum is connected to an external energy consumer, the pendulum soon
stops with oscillations, as well as the lever. However, if the lever is
connected to an external energy consumer, the pendulum continues with oscillations.
If the external consumer does not take all the energy from the lever, it
will continue to oscillate with a smaller amplitude. If we suppose that
the positive work force of the lever, and it's useful work force are greater
than the work of the pendulum while it is overcoming friction and air resistance,
we get "excess" energy. That "excess" can occur only due
to the centrifugal force of the pendulum. However, is that really "excess"
energy or does it just seems so?
ENERGY OF A PENDULUM AND A LEVER
By definition, energy is a capability of an object to perform
work. Therefore, energy does not cause any consequences on anything, but
it could and could not have consequences in regards of another object starting
to move.
Even a basic model made by Milković established
that a change of the lever energy does not change the pendulum energy.
Mechanical energy of the lever, in the pendulum system, is equal to zero,
so that the lever is not in position to affect the pendulum. In the surface
system, the lever energy is different than zero, and it can perform work
if something is on its way. The lever can perform work be hitting the surface,
but it would still not affect the pendulum. What ever happens to
the lever, the pendulum energy will not change.
Energy of the lever is at the disposal of an external energy
consumer, which does not affect the energy of the pendulum, whether the
lever is doing anything or not. If the external consumer takes over a part
of this energy, the oscillating amplitude of the lever will decrease. Since
the lever is the one oscillating forcibly and not the pendulum, it continuos
with oscillations even when partly dampened. Oscillation of the pendulum
is uninterrupted even when the lever oscillation is completely dampened.
As soon as the lever stops being a working body and stops providing energy
to the external consumer, it starts oscillating again, with a same amplitude
as before. This is a clear and unambiguous sign of "excess" energy.
Mechanical energy of the lever occurs without additional
input of energy from the outside, due to the way in which the pendulum is
moving. Work force of the lever does not mean that a pendulum must lose
it's part of the energy. Pendulum just needs to be moving. On the other
hand, the pendulum is not moving because it is getting the energy
from somewhere outside, but because of inertia. In other words,
the lever is capable to denounce a part of its energy for the external consumer,
even though that process does not include any working body outside of the
device. This is all under condition that the pendulum is oscillating without
obstructions. It is understood that the pandulum has been previously thrown
out of balance. After a short time, this energy in the total operational,
energetical or power balance can be neglected.
Friction and air resistance were the stumbling block, in
both theoretical and practical sense, especially on the pendulum. Milković
solved this problem in an indirect way, with the combination of two models.
In this way, interpretation of the device does
not fall under the usual theory of energy sustainability. Classic mechanics
either did not foresee objects such as multi-stage oscillators or it overlooked
certain characteristics of these object. Or, maybe both.
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL EVERYWHERE
Whether we like it or not, gravity exists and we can not
influence it, since there is still no gravity isolator. However,
physical pendulum is in weightless state in its upper position during oscillations.
This works as a substitute for a gravity isolator,
and the efficiency proved to be extremely high at two-stage
oscillators shown above.
Experiments also
confirmed supplemented formula for kinetic energy, which explains the surplus
of energy.
Speeds are added together, originating from the impulse
i.e. energy invested in maintaining the pendulum in oscillation, which happens
in the upper position.
Additional acceleration of the pendulum is due to gravity.
If the above mentioned formula is applied for calculation, the surplus of
energy is clear, and it originates from gravitational potential.
In addition to results in earthly conditions, space probes
had excellent results, so it is useful to mention that kinetic energy
can be increased with the help of gravity.
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